NKRF9: Retorik i digital og teknologisk transition

Sine N. Just, professor ved Institut for Kommunikation og Humanistisk Videnskab, Roskilde Universitet, Danmark

Controversial Encounters: How Digital Technologies Are Stifling Public Debate and What to Do about It

Digital technologies are transforming how we encounter issues of public concern and engage in public debate. On the one hand, data-based personalisation means we are increasingly exposed to content that we already like. On the other hand, algorithmic infrastructures intensify and polarise message circulation, favouring clashes between opposed opinions rather than nuanced engagement. In combination, these two tendencies support automated processes of public and private meaning formation in which people are constantly guided by covert persuasion whilst becoming increasingly unaccustomed to overt persuasive attempts. This keynote diagnoses the present situation as ‘the closing of the rhetorical mind’ and suggests that a return to the classical notion of controversia (arguing all sides of a case) may provide a starting point for ‘making disagreement good again’. This is not a call to abandon digital technologies, but an attempt to show how individuals and collectives can use algorithms and data to (re)ignite public debate as a source of societal trust and institutional legitimacy.

Damien Pfister, associate professor, Dept. of Classics, University of Maryland, USA

Rethinking Digitality, Refashioning Ethos: Technics, Ecology, and Rhetoric after Ubiquitous Computation

Rhetoric is in a time of digital and technological transition, spurring scholarly responses that highlight technicity and ecology. Ubiquitous digital technologies are encouraging rhetoricians to address the technicity of rhetoric in increasingly dramatic ways: we cannot escape the mediating roles of platforms, algorithms, artificial intelligence, wearables, and the "internet of things," all programmed to communicate in ever-more complex ways. Digital networks have also quickened the interest around ecological models of rhetoric that highlight the co-constitutive relations humans have with the non-human entities that surround us. Our interfacing with digital objects is not just situated, but situated within larger rhetorical ecologies that are connected by a richer array of computational-rhetorical agents than ever before. Synthesizing the turn to technics and to ecology, I theorize digitality as a "technics ecology" that invites a revision and expansion of rhetorical theory. In this keynote, I offer new theoretical and critical concepts that reconceptualize and expand our understanding of ethos in the context of the digital technics ecology produced by ubiquitous computation. If ethos developed in the ancient world as part of rhetoric's arts for living well with others, this talk considers the conceptual resources needed to live well with others now that digital technics thoroughly mediate and condition experience.

Johanna Hartelius, associate professor, Dept. of Communication Studies, Moody College of Communication, University of Texas at Austin, USA

Learning in Transition: Ethos and Text to Image AI Technologies

Algorithmic thought and artificial intelligence, which have long fascinated tech-enthusiasts and scholars became the center of public attention in late 2022. Media commentaries were abuzz – If ChatGPT writes better than a writer, what will this mean for journalism, education, etc.? If digital art is accessible and infinitely generative, what defines “an artist”? From a rhetorical perspective, questions of legitimacy, accountability, and trust reference the concept of ethos, the emplaced habituation of individual character as one dwells with others. The keynote explores how nonexpert discourses surrounding Midjourney, a visually spectacular text to image tool, interpret and constitute the tool’s “learning” process. Specifically, it assesses how lay-understandings of space and expertise organize the technology’s learning in relation to its users. To assess implications for ethos in the contextual transitions of AI, it connects both the “I” of AI and the “learning” in machine learning to the activity of dwelling as traditionally theorized.